pve_change_vmid

脚本

PVE 虚拟机 ID 和名称修改工具

pve_change_vmid

PVE 虚拟机 ID 和名称修改工具

一键脚本

bash <(curl -sL gitee.com/meimolihan/linux-command_sh/raw/master/pve_change_vmid.sh)

效果预览

执行脚本效果预览

补充说明

该脚本用于在 Proxmox VE (PVE) 环境中修改虚拟机的 ID 和名称。PVE Web 界面不支持直接修改虚拟机 ID，当需要对虚拟机重新编号或整理集群资源时，此脚本可一键完成虚拟机 ID 和名称的修改。

功能特点

自动检测 PVE 环境并显示当前虚拟机列表
交互式引导，逐步输入旧 ID、新 ID 和新名称
自动检测虚拟机运行状态，提供安全关闭机制
备份原始配置文件，防止操作失误
自动迁移磁盘镜像目录
操作前后提供详细的信息预览和确认

注意事项

需要 root 权限运行
仅支持在 Proxmox VE 节点上执行
修改前建议先关闭虚拟机，脚本会自动检测运行状态并提示关闭
脚本会自动备份原配置文件到同目录下
修改完成后可通过 qm start <新ID> 启动虚拟机

用法说明

运行脚本后会自动检测 PVE 环境并显示当前虚拟机列表
输入要修改的虚拟机旧 ID
确认关闭虚拟机（如果正在运行）
输入新的虚拟机 ID
输入新的虚拟机名称
确认修改摘要后执行修改

脚本源码

#!/bin/bash
set -uo pipefail

list_color_init() {
    export gl_hui=$'\033[38;5;59m'
    export gl_hong=$'\033[38;5;9m'
    export gl_lv=$'\033[38;5;10m'
    export gl_huang=$'\033[38;5;11m'
    export gl_lan=$'\033[38;5;32m'
    export gl_bai=$'\033[38;5;15m'
    export gl_zi=$'\033[38;5;13m'
    export gl_bufan=$'\033[38;5;14m'
    export reset=$'\033[0m'
}

list_color_init

log_info() { echo -e "${gl_lan}[信息]${gl_bai} $*"; }
log_ok() { echo -e "${gl_lv}[成功]${gl_bai} $*"; }
log_warn() { echo -e "${gl_huang}[警告]${gl_bai} $*"; }
log_error() { echo -e "${gl_hong}[错误]${gl_bai} $*" >&2; }

break_end() {
    echo -e "${gl_lv}操作完成${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_bai}按任意键继续 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    read -r -n 1 -s -p ""
    echo ""
    clear
}

column_if_available() {
    if command -v column &> /dev/null; then
        column -t -s $'\t'
    else
        cat
    fi
}

list_beautify_pve_qm() {
    {
        printf "%s%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s%s\n" "$gl_hui" "VMID" "名称" "状态" "内存" "磁盘" "锁" "$reset"
        printf "%s%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s%s\n" "$gl_hui" "----" "----" "----" "----" "----" "----" "$reset"

        data=$(qm list | awk 'NR>1')
        if [ -z "$data" ]; then
            printf "%s%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s%s\n" "$gl_huang" "(无数据)" "(无数据)" "(无数据)" "(无数据)" "(无数据)" "(无数据)" "$reset"
        else
            echo "$data" | while read -r line; do
                vmid=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $1}')
                status=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $3}')
                mem=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $4}')
                disk=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $5}')
                lock=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $6}')
                name=$(echo "$line" | sed -E 's/^[ ]+[0-9]+[ ]+//;s/[ ]+(running|stopped).*//')

                if [[ $status == "running" ]]; then
                    stat_color="${gl_lv}"
                else
                    stat_color="${gl_hong}"
                fi

                echo -e "${gl_lan}${vmid}${reset}\t${gl_bufan}${name}${reset}\t${stat_color}${status}${reset}\t${gl_huang}${mem}${reset}\t${gl_zi}${disk}${reset}\t${gl_hui}${lock}${reset}"
            done
        fi
    } | column_if_available
}

handle_y_n() {
    echo -ne "\r${gl_hong}无效的选择，请输入 ${gl_bai}(${gl_lv}y${gl_bai}或${gl_hong}N${gl_bai}) ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.3
    echo -ne "\r${gl_huang}无效的选择，请输入 ${gl_bai}(${gl_lv}y${gl_bai}或${gl_hong}N${gl_bai}) ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.3
    echo -ne "\r${gl_lv}无效的选择，请输入 ${gl_bai}(${gl_lv}y${gl_bai}或${gl_hong}N${gl_bai}) ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.6
    return 2
}


sleep_fractional() {
    local seconds=$1
    if sleep "$seconds" 2>/dev/null; then return 0; fi
    if command -v perl >/dev/null 2>&1; then perl -e "select(undef, undef, undef, $seconds)"; return 0; fi
    if command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1; then python3 -c "import time; time.sleep($seconds)"; return 0; fi
    if command -v python >/dev/null 2>&1; then python -c "import time; time.sleep($seconds)"; return 0; fi
    local int_seconds=$(echo "$seconds" | awk '{print int($1+0.999)}')
    sleep "$int_seconds"
}

cancel_return() {
    local menu_name="${1:-上一级选单}"
    echo -ne "${gl_lv}即将 ${gl_huang}${menu_name} ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.5
    echo -ne "${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.6
    echo ""
    clear
}

exit_script() {
    echo ""
    echo -ne "${gl_hong}感谢使用，再见！ ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.5
    echo -ne "${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.6
    clear
    exit 0
}

exit_animation() {
    echo -ne "${gl_hong}正在退出 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.3
    echo -ne "${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.4
    echo -ne "${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}\c"
    sleep_fractional 0.3
    echo ""
    clear
}

root_use() {
    clear
    if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
        echo -e "\n${gl_zi}>>> ROOT登录检查 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "${gl_huang}提示: ${gl_bai}该功能需要root用户才能运行！"
        echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        break_end
        return 1
    fi
    return 0
}

pve_change_vmid() {
    local old_id="$1"
    local new_id="$2"
    local new_name="$3"

    local config_file="/etc/pve/qemu-server/${old_id}.conf"
    local new_config_file="/etc/pve/qemu-server/${new_id}.conf"

    log_info "备份原配置文件 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
    cp "$config_file" "${config_file}.bak_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)" 2>/dev/null || {
        log_error "备份失败，操作终止"
        return 1
    }

    log_info "重命名配置文件 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
    mv "$config_file" "$new_config_file" || {
        log_error "重命名配置文件失败"
        return 1
    }

    log_info "更新虚拟机名称 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
    if grep -q "^name:" "$new_config_file"; then
        sed -i "s/^name:.*/name: ${new_name}/" "$new_config_file"
    else
        echo "name: ${new_name}" >> "$new_config_file"
    fi

    log_info "检查并更新相关配置 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
    if [ -d "/var/lib/vz/images/${old_id}" ]; then
        log_info "发现磁盘镜像目录，准备迁移 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
        mv "/var/lib/vz/images/${old_id}" "/var/lib/vz/images/${new_id}" 2>/dev/null || {
            log_warn "磁盘镜像迁移失败，可能需要手动处理"
        }
    fi

    log_info "验证修改结果 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
    if [ -f "$new_config_file" ] && grep -q "name: ${new_name}" "$new_config_file"; then
        log_ok "虚拟机ID修改成功！"
        echo -e "${gl_lan}新ID: ${gl_lv}${new_id}${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "${gl_lan}新名称: ${gl_zi}${new_name}${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "\n${gl_huang}更新后的配置预览:${gl_bai}"
        grep -E "^(name|vmgenid|smbios1|ide|scsi|net)" "$new_config_file" | head -10
        return 0
    else
        log_error "修改验证失败"
        return 1
    fi
}

pve_change_vmid_interactive() {
    root_use || return 1
    clear
    if ! command -v qm &> /dev/null; then
        echo -e ""
        echo -e "${gl_zi}>>> PVE虚拟机ID和名称修改工具${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        log_error "未检测到Proxmox VE环境，请确保脚本在PVE节点上运行"
        echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        break_end
        return 1
    fi
    echo -e "${gl_huang}>>> PVE 虚拟机列表${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
   
    list_beautify_pve_qm
    
    echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
    
    while true; do
    echo ""
    echo -e "${gl_zi}>>> PVE虚拟机ID和名称修改工具${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        read -r -e -p "$(echo -e "${gl_bai}请输入要修改的虚拟机旧ID(${gl_hong}0${gl_bai}退出): ")" OLD_ID
        [ "$OLD_ID" = "0" ] && exit_script
        [[ -z "$OLD_ID" ]] && { log_error "ID不能为空"; continue; }
        [[ ! "$OLD_ID" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && { log_error "ID必须是数字"; continue; }
        [[ ! -f "/etc/pve/qemu-server/${OLD_ID}.conf" ]] && {
            log_warn "虚拟机 ${OLD_ID} 的配置文件不存在"
            read -r -e -p "$(echo -e "${gl_bai}是否继续?(${gl_lv}y${gl_bai}/${gl_hong}N${gl_bai}): ")" response
            case "$response" in [Yy]) ;; [Nn]|"") continue ;; *) handle_y_n; continue ;; esac
        }
        log_info "旧ID: ${gl_huang}${OLD_ID}${gl_bai}"
        echo ""
        break
    done

    echo -e "${gl_huang}>>> 关闭虚拟机${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"

    if qm status "$OLD_ID" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "running"; then
        log_info "虚拟机 ${OLD_ID} 正在运行，正在关闭 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
        echo ""
        echo -e "${gl_bai}虚拟机信息:${gl_hui}"
        qm config "$OLD_ID" 2>/dev/null | grep -E "^(name|memory|cores|net|sata|scsi|ide)" | head -10
        echo -e "${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        read -r -e -p "$(echo -e "${gl_bai}确认关闭虚拟机 ${gl_huang}${OLD_ID}${gl_bai} 吗?(${gl_lv}y${gl_bai}/${gl_hong}N${gl_bai}): ")" confirm_stop
        case "$confirm_stop" in
            [Yy])
                log_info "正在关闭虚拟机 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
                qm stop "$OLD_ID" 2>/dev/null
                echo -ne "${gl_lan}等待虚拟机关闭 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
                for i in {1..30}; do
                    if ! qm status "$OLD_ID" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "running"; then
                        echo ""; log_ok "虚拟机已成功关闭"; break
                    fi
                    echo -ne " ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}"
                    sleep_fractional 1
                    if [[ $i -eq 30 ]]; then
                        echo ""
                        log_warn "虚拟机关闭超时，可能仍在运行"
                        read -r -e -p "$(echo -e "${gl_bai}是否强制继续?(${gl_lv}y${gl_bai}/${gl_hong}N${gl_bai}): ")" force_continue
                        case "$force_continue" in [Yy]) ;; [Nn]|"") log_info "操作已取消"; exit_animation; return 1 ;; *) handle_y_n; continue ;; esac
                    fi
                done
                ;;
            [Nn]|"") log_info "操作已取消"; exit_animation; return 1 ;;
            *) handle_y_n; continue ;;
        esac
    else
        log_ok "${gl_bai}虚拟机 ${gl_huang}${OLD_ID}${gl_bai} 已停止或不存在"
    fi
    echo ""

    while true; do
        echo -e "${gl_huang}>>> 修改虚拟机ID${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        read -r -e -p "$(echo -e "${gl_bai}请输入新ID: ")" NEW_ID
        [[ -z "$NEW_ID" ]] && { log_error "ID不能为空"; continue; }
        [[ ! "$NEW_ID" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && { log_error "ID必须是数字"; continue; }
        [[ "$OLD_ID" == "$NEW_ID" ]] && { log_error "新旧ID不能相同"; continue; }
        [[ -f "/etc/pve/qemu-server/${NEW_ID}.conf" ]] && { log_error "新ID ${NEW_ID} 已被使用"; continue; }
        log_info "新ID: ${gl_lv}${NEW_ID}${gl_bai}"
        echo ""
        break
    done

    while true; do
        echo -e "${gl_huang}>>> 修改虚拟机名称${gl_bai}"
        echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
        read -r -e -p "$(echo -e "${gl_bai}请输入新虚拟机名称: ")" NEW_NAME
        [[ -z "$NEW_NAME" ]] && { log_error "名称不能为空"; continue; }
        NEW_NAME=$(echo "$NEW_NAME" | xargs)
        log_info "新名称: ${gl_zi}${NEW_NAME}${gl_bai}"
        echo ""
        break
    done

    echo -e "${gl_huang}>>> 修改摘要${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_lan}旧ID: ${gl_huang}${OLD_ID}${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_lan}新ID: ${gl_lv}${NEW_ID}${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_lan}新名称: ${gl_zi}${NEW_NAME}${gl_bai}"
    echo -e "${gl_bufan}————————————————————————————————————————————————${gl_bai}"

    read -r -e -p "$(echo -e "${gl_bai}是否确认执行修改?(${gl_lv}y${gl_bai}/${gl_hong}N${gl_bai}): ")" CONFIRM
    case "$CONFIRM" in
        [Yy]) log_info "开始执行修改操作 ${gl_hong}.${gl_huang}.${gl_lv}.${gl_bai}" ;;
        [Nn]|"") log_info "操作已取消"; exit_animation; return 1 ;;
        *) handle_y_n; return 1 ;;
    esac

    if pve_change_vmid "$OLD_ID" "$NEW_ID" "$NEW_NAME"; then
        echo ""
        log_ok "虚拟机修改完成！"
        echo -e "${gl_bai}现在可以使用 ${gl_lv}qm start ${NEW_ID}${gl_bai} 启动虚拟机"
        break_end
    else
        log_error "虚拟机修改失败！"
        echo -e "${gl_bai}原配置文件已备份，如有需要可手动恢复"
        break_end
        return 1
    fi
}

pve_change_vmid_interactive

创建本地脚本

new_script="pve_change_vmid.sh"

cat > "$new_script" << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
# 粘贴上面的脚本源码
EOF

chmod +x "$new_script" && ./"$new_script" && rm -f "$new_script"